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各国海军希望在21世纪航行的军舰能够满足日益严格的环境法规,美国海军正在执行一项全面的船舶污染消除计划,它确保在21世纪航行的军舰符合环境要求。这个目标使军舰能在全世界自由航行,几乎不受环境法规的限制,不依赖岸上环保设备,也不因环境法规而额外付出不合理的费用。其基本策略是:(1)在船舶设计和运行过程中,尽量减少废弃物的产生,优化废弃物管理;(2)开发能够在船舶上销毁或适当处理废弃物的系统。如果废弃物的产生不可避免,不能被销毁或者送到岸上循环利用,那么废弃物必须深度处理,以便减少外排时对环境的影响。虽然对任何一种废弃物,都没有实现在船舶上销毁废弃物的最终解决方法,但在处理固体废弃物、含油废弃物、危险材料和医疗废弃物方面已经取得了可观的成就。对黑水和灰水进行处理的过渡期或长期解决方法还没有找到。北约海军之间通过分享技术和信息,开始为实现环境友好型军舰的目标而进行国际合作,从而节省了时间和费用。
Naval Navy Desire to Navigate in the 21st Century To meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations, the U.S. Navy is implementing a comprehensive ship pollution elimination program that ensures that naval vessels that sail in the 21st century meet environmental requirements. This objective enables the warship to sail freely throughout the world with little or no restriction on environmental regulations, no reliance on shore-based environmental protection equipment and no unreasonable costs due to environmental regulations. Its basic strategy is to: (1) minimize waste generation and optimize waste management during the design and operation of ships; and (2) develop systems capable of destroying or properly disposing of waste on ships. If the inevitable waste generation can not be destroyed or sent ashore for recycling, then the waste must be processed in depth in order to reduce the environmental impact of the discharge. Although no final solution to the destruction of waste on ships is available for any type of waste, considerable achievements have been made in the disposal of solid waste, oily waste, hazardous materials and medical waste. The transitional or long-term solution to the handling of black and gray water has not been found yet. NATO navies save time and money by sharing their technology and information and starting international cooperation to achieve the goal of an environment-friendly warship.