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目的探讨钢铁企业高温和噪声对职业人群血压的影响。方法回顾性选取2014年5月至2015年12月在某钢铁企业工作的职工900例资料,按照工作场所不同,分为观察1组(作业环境仅接触噪声)和观察2组(作业环境接触噪声和高温),各450例。另外选取未在钢铁企业工作且未接触高温噪声的人员450例作为对照组。监测生活环境的噪声与高温数据并进行分析,同时运用统一标准测量3组研究对象的血压水平。结果观察1组、观察2组工作环境中均有生产性声源,观察2组工作环境中有生产性热源;观察2组研究对象高血压发病率明显高于观察1组和对照组,且观察1组高血压发病率明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);单因素分析结果显示,饮酒可以作为影响血压水平的独立危险因素;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,影响血压的因素为饮酒、高温和噪声。结论高温、噪声是导致钢铁作业行业人患高血压的主要因素,需加强防护和预防(隔热、降温和防噪)措施,调整膳食,及时补充水分,加强健康监控力度,同时开展讲座,提高职业人群的防护意识,降低噪声与高温对职业人群健康的危害。
Objective To investigate the influence of high temperature and noise on the blood pressure of occupational population in iron and steel enterprises. Methods The data of 900 workers who worked in an iron and steel enterprise from May 2014 to December 2015 were retrospectively selected and divided into observation group 1 (working environment only exposure noise) and observation group 2 (working environment exposure noise And high temperature), 450 cases each. In addition, 450 workers who did not work in iron and steel enterprises and did not touch high temperature noise were selected as the control group. The noise and temperature data of the living environment were monitored and analyzed. At the same time, the blood pressure levels of the three groups of subjects were measured using a uniform standard. The results were observed in 1 group, observed two groups of working environment have productive sound source, observation of two groups of working environment in the production of heat; observation of two groups were significantly higher incidence of hypertension in observation group 1 and control group, and observed The incidence of hypertension in group 1 was significantly higher than that in control group (all P <0.05). The results of univariate analysis showed that alcohol consumption could be used as an independent risk factor influencing blood pressure level. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the effect Blood pressure factors are drinking, high temperature and noise. Conclusion High temperature and noise are the main factors leading to high blood pressure in the iron and steel industry. It is necessary to strengthen the measures of protection and prevention (heat insulation, cooling and noise prevention), adjust meals, replenish water in time, strengthen health monitoring and control, meanwhile, Occupational crowd awareness of protection, reduce noise and high temperature on the health hazards of occupational groups.