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资本主义起源问题是马克思主义学界长期争论的话题。由于马克思本人在此问题上的观点前后不一,导致西方马克思主义者内部在分析该问题时出现了较大的分歧。一种是以多布、布伦纳等所谓正统马克思主义者,关注社会内部的阶级关系变化;另一种是以斯威齐、沃勒斯坦等人所谓新斯密一马克思主义者,认为贸易和社会分工等外因是起源的推动力;此外,安德森则提出了要关注政治领域的变化。西方马克思主义者的研究既继承和发展了马克思的理论和观点,但也存在着忽视对生产力因素研究的缺陷。
The problem of the origin of capitalism is a topic of long debate in Marxist scholarship. Due to the inconsistent views of Marx himself on this issue, there has been a great divergence in the analysis of the issue within Western Marxists. One is based on the so-called orthodox Marxists such as Dobu and Brenner who pay attention to changes in class relations within the society. The other is the so-called New-Smith-Marxists such as Sweezy and Wallerstein, who consider that trade And external factors such as social division of labor are the driving forces behind their origins. In addition, Anderson raised the issue of paying attention to changes in the political field. The study of Western Marxists not only inherits and develops Marx’s theory and viewpoint, but also lacks the defects of neglecting the research on factors of productivity.