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时下的比较文学学科理论,主要是将法国学派的影响研究与美国学派的平行研究与跨学科研究综合起来,加上中国学派的理论,形成了一套基本定型的比较文学学科理论模式.但这种板块式的学科理论采取的是一种历史性的建构模式,不仅板块自身存在着缺陷,板块之间各自为政,也使得当下的比较文学学科理论前后不统一,存在不少不合理之处。这就需要我们重新建构比较文学学科理论研究新范式,打破有历时性描述的比较文学学科建构模式,从共时性角度来重新整合已经存在的比较文学三个阶段的理论资源,将比较文学存在的理论问题在“跨越性”和“文学性”这两个基点上融通。这样,比较文学研究领域应该分为四个方面:文学跨越学、对不同文学体系之间的实证性关系研究、文学传播和交流过程中的变异研究以及总体文学研究。在总体文学的观照下,文学人类学也将纳入比较文学的学科体系之中,充分体现出比较文学的世界性胸怀。
The theory of comparative literature nowadays mainly combines the research on the influence of the French school and the parallel and interdisciplinary research on the American school, and the theory of the Chinese school to form a set of theoretical models of comparative literature that are basically stereotyped. The theory of plate-type subject theory adopts a historic mode of construction. Not only the plate itself has flaws, and the plates are fragmented, but also makes the contemporary theory of comparative literature disunity before and after. There are many unreasonable points. This requires that we reconstruct the new paradigm of the theoretical study of comparative literature and break the mode of constructing comparative literature with diachronic description. From the synchronic perspective, we can re-integrate the theoretical resources of the three phases of comparative literature that exist, The theoretical problems converge on the two basic points of “leapfrogging” and “literaryness.” In this way, the area of comparative literature research should be divided into four areas: literary leapfrogging, empirical research on different literary systems, literary communication and variation in communication and general literary studies. Under the guidance of the overall literature, literary anthropology will also be included in the comparative literature of the disciplinary system, fully embody the worldwide mind of comparative literature.