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采用ISSR标记,对云南三种野生稻遗传多样性进行研究,并以竹类、栽培稻粳稻02428和籼稻金刚30以及非洲长雄野生稻为对照进行聚类分析,探讨云南三种野生稻遗传进化方向。结果表明,33条ISSR引物,在所有的材料中总共扩增出464个等位基因,平均每条引物扩增出多态性条带14.1条;从总体水平上看,云南三种野生稻具有丰富的遗传多样性,三种野生稻的多态位点数NP、多态位点百分率p、有效等位基因数Na、观察等位基因数Ne、Nei基因多样性指数H和香农指数I分别为357、76.74%、1.7694±0.4217、1.3391±0.3637、0.2037±0.1851和0.3180±0.2532;三种野生稻品种间基因分化系数Gst为0.5194,品种间的基因流Nm为0.4627,说明三种野生稻之间基因交流水平低,品种间存在较大的遗传分化。UPGMA聚类分析表明,在三种野生稻的进化过程中,疣粒野生稻分化最早,其次为药用野生稻,普通野生稻分化最晚。
ISSR markers were used to study the genetic diversity of three wild rice cultivars in Yunnan Province. Clustering analysis was conducted using the genotypes of bamboo, cultivated rice 02428, indica rice variety 30 and African wild rice as control direction. The results showed that 33 ISSR primers amplified a total of 464 alleles in all the materials, with an average of 14.1 polymorphic bands per primer. On the whole, three wild rice varieties in Yunnan Province had The polymorphic loci NP, percentage of polymorphic loci p, number of effective alleles Na, number of observed alleles Ne, Nei gene diversity index H and Shannon index I were 357,76.74%, 1.7694 ± 0.4217,1.3391 ± 0.3637,0.2037 ± 0.1851 and 0.3180 ± 0.2532 respectively. The coefficient of genetic differentiation Gst of three wild species was 0.5194, and the gene flow Nm between varieties was 0.4627, indicating that between three wild rice Low level of gene exchange, there is a greater genetic differentiation between cultivars. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that in the evolution of three wild species of rice, warty wild rice had the earliest differentiation, followed by medicinal wild rice, and the common wild rice had the latest differentiation.