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目的研究山丘型血吸虫病流行区依托农业集约化阻断血吸虫病传播的效果,为防治模式在同类型地区的推广应用提供参考依据。方法在广汉市开展依托农业集约化,结合新农村建设、沟渠硬化、产业结构调整、水系整治等措施的血防综合防治示范区创建,选择锦花村、石观村、红堰村等3个流行村作为评价点,对实施干预措施前后的农业集约化、居民经济收入等相关指标进行比较分析,并对血防效果指标进行评价。结果与示范区创建前相比,2014年示范区沟渠硬化比例上升了49.57%,村道硬化比例上升了39.33%,机械耕作比例上升了25%。人群血检阳性率下降了81.74%。钉螺面积从2007年的2.44 hm~2降至2014年的0。人群血防知识知晓率和行为正确率分别从51.28%、90.85%提高至91.29%、97.69%。广汉市在2014年底顺利达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准。结论农业集约化结合其他综合治理措施防治血吸虫病的模式对阻断血吸虫病传播具有较好效果,可同步实现血吸虫病控制和农业经济的可持续发展。
Objective To study the effect of epidemic prevention of schistosomiasis in mountainous areas on the transmission of schistosomiasis by intensification of agriculture so as to provide a reference for the popularization and application of prevention and control modes in the same type of areas. Methods In Guanghan City, three epidemic prevention villages, Jinhua Village, Shiguang Village and Hongyan Village, were selected to establish a comprehensive prevention and treatment of blood-borne disease based on measures such as intensification of agriculture, combination of new rural construction, ditches hardening, industrial restructuring and water system remediation. As an evaluation point, comparative analysis was made on relevant indicators such as agricultural intensification and resident’s economic income before and after the implementation of intervention measures, and the indicators of blood-protection effectiveness were evaluated. Results Compared with that before demonstration, the proportion of ditches hardening in demonstration area increased by 49.57% in 2014, that of village roads increased by 39.33% and that of mechanical cultivation increased by 25%. The blood test positive rate decreased 81.74%. Snail area dropped from 2.44 hm ~ 2 in 2007 to 0 in 2014. The awareness rate of blood-borne knowledge and the correct rate of behavior increased from 51.28% and 90.85% to 91.29% and 97.69% respectively. Guanghan City at the end of 2014 successfully reached the schistosomiasis transmission block standard. Conclusion Intensive agriculture and other integrated control measures to prevent and treat schistosomiasis have a good effect in blocking the spread of schistosomiasis and can simultaneously achieve the control of schistosomiasis and the sustainable development of agricultural economy.