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热泵系统也称余热回收系统,是使用部分驱动能源(如燃气、蒸汽、燃气或热水),将余热形式为地热水、冷却水、洗涤水或伴油污水,温度在20~70℃的低品位能量取出,转移到45~100℃的中高温热媒中的系统。热泵系统在利用低品位热能的同时,仅消耗少量电能,节能效果显著。我国直到20世纪90年代,开始大面积应用热泵技术。目前,在热泵制造、安装和运行规模上,已走到了国际前例。现在,不管是压缩式热泵,还是吸收式热泵,也不论是设备还是系统,其技术已经成熟,热泵机组制热温度达到45~100℃,COP值(能量与热量之间的转换比率,简称能效比)也达到相当高的水平,机组的超小型化和超大型化技术得到长足发展,被广泛应用到建筑、烘干、石油化工、医药、筑路等领域。以热泵工艺在油田注水站的应用为分析对象,针对热泵的起源、发展、工作原理及在注水站的应用展开论述,着重从初期投资、运行费用、人工费用、社会效益、节约清水及10年费用现值方面,对注水站采用热泵冷却工艺与常规冷却工艺进行对比分析,提出了注水站采用热泵工艺有利于提高注水站系统的热能效率,降低运行成本,减少加热炉加热过程中产生的废气和余热排放,实现节能减排,对于热泵工艺在大庆油田注水站的应用具有借鉴意义。
Heat pump system, also known as waste heat recovery system, is to use part of the driving energy (such as gas, steam, gas or hot water), the waste heat in the form of geothermal water, cooling water, washing water or oily wastewater temperature 20 ~ 70 ℃ Low-grade energy removed, transferred to 45 ~ 100 ℃ in the heat medium in the system. Heat pump system in the use of low-grade heat at the same time, only consume a small amount of energy, energy-saving effect is significant. Until the 1990s, China started to apply heat pump technology to a large area. At present, in the heat pump manufacturing, installation and operation of scale, has reached the international precedent. Now, whether it is compression heat pump, or absorption heat pump, whether it is equipment or system, its technology has matured, heat pump unit heating temperature reaches 45 ~ 100 ℃, COP value (energy and heat conversion ratio between, referred to as energy efficiency Ratio) also reached a very high level, the unit of ultra-small and large-scale technology has made considerable development, is widely used in construction, drying, petrochemicals, medicine, roads and other fields. Taking the application of heat pump technology in the oilfield water injection station as the analysis object, this paper discusses the origin, development, working principle and application of the heat pump in waterflooding station. It mainly focuses on the investment, operation cost, labor cost, social benefit, water saving and 10 years As for the present cost, the comparison between the cooling process and the conventional cooling process at the water injection station is made. It is suggested that using the heat pump process at the water injection station is beneficial to increase the thermal energy efficiency of the water injection station system, reducing the running cost and reducing the exhaust gas generated in the heating process of the heating furnace And waste heat emissions, to achieve energy-saving emission reduction, heat pump technology in Daqing Oilfield water injection station with reference.