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在新疆天山中部典型林区内,选择乔木树种天山云杉、山柳、山杨、天山花楸和灌木树种方枝柏、宽刺蔷薇、山楂、黑果小檗、忍冬等标准木各3～5株,分别取其鲜枝、叶、皮、枯落物,测定其自然含水率及脂肪含量,分析了可燃物载量与林分因子之间的关系。结果表明:(1)山柳的可燃物含水率最高,方枝柏的可燃物含水率最低,其含水率的大小依次是天山山柳>山杨>天山云杉>忍冬>山楂>宽刺蔷薇>黑果小檗>天山花楸>方枝柏;(2)天山花楸、方枝柏、天山云杉的脂肪抽提物含量相对较高,山柳、山杨的可燃物脂肪抽提物含量较低,其抽提物的大小依次是方枝柏>天山花楸>天山云杉>山楂>黑果小檗>忍冬>宽刺蔷薇>山杨>天山山柳;⑶可燃物载量受到林分因子的影响,森林火灾类型与可燃物载量的关系十分密切。总的来说,方枝柏和天山花楸的易燃性较强,山柳和山杨的易燃性较差,可燃物载量越大越容易引起火灾,这为今后在新疆天山中部林区森林火险预报、减少森林资源的损失,提高林火管理水平等方面提供重要依据,对天山中部林区森林可燃物管理和火灾预防扑救工作具有一定指导意义。
In the typical forest area in the middle of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, the selection of arborvitae Tianshan spruce, hill willow, aspen, Tianshan Sorbus and shrubs of Arborvitae, Thuja, Crataegus, Berberis, Five strains were collected from fresh shoots, leaves, skins and litters. The natural water content and fat content were measured. The relationship between combustible load and stand factor was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Shanliu had the highest water content of combustibles, and the lowest content of combustibles of Fangziu, the water content of which was in the order of Tamarix chinensis> Populus davidiana> Tianshan> Lonicera japonica> Lonicera> hawthorn> > Black berry> Sorbus tianshanense> FANG Zhibi; (2) The content of fat extract of Sorbus tangesensis, Fongjianbai and Tianshan spruce was relatively high, The content of the extract was lower than that of the other two species. The order of the extracts was S. przewalskii> Tianshan Sorbus> Tianshan spruce> hawthorn> black berry> honeysuckle> broad thorns> aspen> The influence of stand factors, the type of forest fires and the load of combustibles are closely related. In general, Fang Zuobian and Sorbus tianshanii are more flammable and willow and poplar have lower flammability. The larger the combustible load, the more likely to cause a fire. This is the future in Xinjiang Tianshan central forest Forest fire forecast, reduce the loss of forest resources and improve the level of forest fire management provide an important basis for the central Tianshan forest combustibles management and fire prevention and rescue work with a certain significance.