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利用模拟系统研究了酸雨对四川有代表性的土壤的 pH、交换性能、化学组成和微结构的影响。结果发现,石灰性红棕紫泥抗酸雨能力最强,盐基饱和度低的酸性与中性土壤对酸雨最为敏感,pH>4的弱酸雨对这类土壤 pH 和盐基总量没有显著影响,而 pH<4的强酸雨则使其酸碱度(pH)骤然下降。土壤的盐基饱和度和 pH 之间呈直线关系。在强酸雨作用下,土壤的交接性氢、铝增加,重金属铜易被酸雨所淋洗,铅、锰则不易被淋溶而富集在土壤中。酸雨对石灰性土壤的微结构也许有好的作用,能使粘质土微结构遭受大的破坏而对砂质土的微结构影响不大。
The effects of acid rain on the pH, exchangeability, chemical composition and microstructure of representative soils in Sichuan Province were studied using a simulation system. The results showed that the calcareous purple-brown purple purplish red mud is the most resistant to acid rain, acid and neutral soil with low base saturation is the most sensitive to acid rain. The weak acid rain with pH> 4 has no significant effect on the total pH and total amount of the soil While acid rain at pH <4 drastically decreased its pH. There is a linear relationship between soil base saturation and pH. Under the action of strong acid rain, the exchangeable hydrogen and aluminum in the soil increased, the heavy metal copper was easily leached by acid rain, and lead and manganese were not leached and enriched in the soil. Acid rain may have a good effect on the microstructure of calcareous soil, which can cause great damage to the microstructure of clay soil and little effect on the microstructure of sandy soil.