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有固氮能力的微生物主要是原核微生物,可分成两大类,一类是和高等植物共生的;另一类是单独生活自生固氮的。在共生固氮菌中,研究最多的是与豆科植物根部细胞共生的根瘤菌(Rhizobium)。试验证明,一亩豆科作物根部的根瘤,每年平均固定大气中氮素10斤左右,相当于50多斤硫酸铵,有的豆科作物可固定氮素20—40斤,还有的高达100斤以上。由于豆科作物根瘤固氮量大并且稳定,历经百年仍然是活跃的研究领域。
The nitrogen-fixing microorganisms are mainly prokaryotic microorganisms, which can be divided into two categories, one is symbiosis with higher plants and the other is self-generated nitrogen fixation. Among the symbiotic azotobacteria, Rhizobium most symbiotic with legume root cells is the most studied. Tests show that the root nodules of an acre of leguminous crops, the average annual fixed nitrogen in the atmosphere about 10 kg, equivalent to 50 kg of ammonium sulfate, and some leguminous crops can be fixed 20-40 kg of nitrogen, as well as up to 100 Kg or more. Due to the large and stable nitrogen fixation of legumes, nodulation remains a viable area of research after a hundred years.