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目的：分析红细胞压积（HCT）与非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）发病的相关性。方法采用观察性的队列研究，选取2008年在云南省第三人民医院体检的5596名未患有NAFLD的健康人群为研究对象，按照红细胞压积的水平分成两组：A组：HCT≤0.49 L/L，4676例研究对象；B组：HCT>0.49 L/L，920例研究对象。经过5年随访，观察2013年NAFLD的发病情况。检测研究对象的血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹血糖（FPG）、谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GGT）等相关生化指标和影像学检查结果。结果 B组NAFLD的发病率明显高于A组， A组发病率15.9%，B组发病率26.5%（P0.49 L/L).After 5 years of follow-up, the incidence of NAFLD was observed in 2013.To detect the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), valley ammonia acyl turn peptidase (gamma) plasmids related biochemical indicators and imaging examination results.Results The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was higher in group B than that in group A (26.5%vs 15.9%,P<0.01),and the difference was statistically significant.Logistic regression showed that the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was increased along with elevated levels of HCT. Conclusion HCT is found to be correlated with the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.