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本文系统考察了汉语国际教育用词汇在整个义类系统中的分布概貌和分布属性。研究发现,词语在一级义类具有完全覆盖性特征,随词语级别提升,义类大体由薄变厚;词语在二至五级义类具有缺损性特征,义类数量随词语级别提升而增长,义类的大幅增长主要体现在中级水平词汇及下位义类。义类分布存在一些问题,如义类薄厚的变化和排序不符合词语习得规律等。本文还考察了义类分布的存缺性、复现性、序列性特征及存在的问题,认为在汉语二语词表研制方面,需将义类分布作为考虑要素,并尽量使之符合习得规律;在教材编写方面,需加强对义类分布属性的考虑;在课堂教学方面,需根据学习者水平分配不同义类词语的数量。
This article examines systematically the distribution profile and distribution of vocabulary used in Chinese international education in the entire system. The study found that the words in the first grade have complete coverage characteristics, with the level of words improved, the meaning of the category generally thicker and thicker; words in the second to the fifth grade has a defect characteristics, the number of the sense of class with the word level increased and increased , The substantial growth of the meaning category is mainly reflected in the intermediate level of vocabulary and lower meaning. There are some problems with the distribution of meaning categories, such as the change and ranking of the thin type of meaning does not meet the law of word acquisition. This article also examines the existence, distribution, sequence characteristics and existing problems of the distribution of meaning categories. It is considered that the distribution of meaning categories should be considered as a factor in the development of Chinese L2 vocabulary and that it should be consistent with the learning rules In the aspect of the compilation of textbooks, it is necessary to strengthen the consideration of the distribution attributes of righteousness; in classroom teaching, the number of different righteousness words should be allocated according to the level of learners.