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根据2013年环洪泽湖地区统计年鉴中畜禽养殖量数据,采用排泄系数法估算环湖地区各区(县)内畜禽养殖粪尿产生量及其中污染物含量、流失量和耕地畜禽粪便污染负荷量,并运用耕地畜禽粪便承载预警值对该地区畜禽养殖进行环境风险评价。结果表明:环洪泽湖地区畜禽养殖产生的粪尿共626.63万t,以生猪产生量最高,占总量的56.9%;其次分别为家禽和牛,分别占总量的19.4%和17.8%。畜禽粪便中化学需氧量(COD)和总氮(TN)的流失量较高,分别占流失总量的65.7%和21.5%。各区(县)污染物的流失状况差异较大。环湖地区耕地畜禽粪便负荷量平均为12.21 t/hm~2,污染风险指数平均为0.41,总体预警级别为Ⅱ级,表明现阶段禽畜粪便的排放已对该区整体环境产生了影响,其中以淮阴区、洪泽县和宿城区畜禽粪便负荷量对生态环境的污染威胁相对较大,应作为环洪泽湖地区养殖废弃物排放监管和治理的重点。
According to the data of livestock and poultry breeding in the Central Statistical Yearbook of Hongze Lake in 2013, the excretion coefficient method is used to estimate the amount of livestock and poultry excrement and urine, Pollute the load, and use the warning value of livestock and poultry manure carrying capacity to evaluate the environmental risk of livestock and poultry breeding in this area. The results showed that the excrement and urine produced by livestock and poultry breeding around Hongze Lake in the area totaled 6.2663 million tons, with the highest pig production, accounting for 56.9% of the total; followed by poultry and cattle, accounting for 19.4% and 17.8% of the total respectively. The drop of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) in livestock manure was higher, accounting for 65.7% and 21.5% of the total loss respectively. The wastage of pollutants in each district (county) is quite different. The average farmland manure load of cultivated land in the lake area was 12.21 t / hm ~ 2, the average risk index of pollution was 0.41 and the overall early warning level was Grade II, indicating that the discharge of livestock manure had an impact on the overall environment of the area at this stage. Among them, the manure load in Huaiyin District, Hongze County and Sucheng District poses a relatively large threat to the ecological environment, and should be the key point of regulation and control of the discharge of farming waste in Hongze Lake area.