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自由问题是中西方伦理学的核心问题。以于连为代表的一些学者从康德自由意志的视角指出,儒家伦理“不讲自由”或讲的是“不自由的意志”。这一论题引发了现代新儒家与康德研究者之间的一场辩论。从现代新儒家与康德自由观之间的差异角度来看,康德强调自由意志的绝对无条件性,自由意志是实践理性的一个悬设,只有上帝才拥有自由意志,从而反对现实的道德原型。现代新儒家认为,儒家的自由观从现实的价值标准出发讨论相对的自由,将自由意志看作是心性的特质,自由呈现的结果为圣贤人格。现代新儒家将儒家的心性之学与康德的自由意志理论相对接,既接纳了以康德为代表的现代西方哲学关于自由意志的思想,又揭示了儒家心性之学的现代性,推进了儒学的现代转型。
The question of freedom is the core issue of Chinese and Western ethics. Some scholars represented by Lian even pointed out from the perspective of Kant’s free will that Confucian ethics “does not talk about freedom” or “free will”. This thesis led to a debate between modern Neo-Confucianism and Kant researchers. From the perspective of the difference between modern Neo-Confucianism and Kant’s concept of freedom, Kant emphasizes the absolutely unconditional nature of free will, which is the hanging of practical rationality. Only God has the free will to oppose the moral prototype of reality. Modern Neo-Confucianism holds that the Confucian concept of freedom discusses the relative freedom from the realistic value standards, regards the free will as the characteristic of the mind, and freely presents the result as a saint personality. Modern Neo-Confucianism confronts Confucianism’s psychology with Kant’s theory of free will, which not only admits the thought of free will of modern western philosophy represented by Kant, but also reveals the modernity of Confucianism’s nature of learning and advances Confucianism Modern transformation.