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以4个西藏高海拔(4 056～5 015m)高原土壤为材料,经室内恒温短期碳源富集培养后,建立4个土壤可培养细菌库。采用细菌16SrDNA的序列分析技术测定供试土壤可培养细菌库的群落结构特征。结果表明,从XZ02、XZ06、XZ08和XZ12共4个土样的细菌库中,分别获得21,37,31,32个细菌的16SrDNA序列,共产生45个OTU类型。不同样品产生的OTU类型个数和种类有差异,不同样品之间存在共有的优势OTU,但比例不同。多样性指数分析表明,XZ08的Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)和物种丰富度指数(dMa)均为最大,XZ02的辛普森指数(Simpson index,Ds)和物种均匀度指数(E)均为最大,表明不同土壤可培养细菌的多样性指数大小不同;PCA分析表明,XZ06和XZ12群落结构相近,XZ02和XZ08与其群落结构差异大。典型OTU进化定位分析表明,4个土样的细菌主要分布在厚壁菌门和变形菌门中,XZ02和XZ12以芽孢杆菌为主,而XZ02和XZ12以芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌为主。不同采样点土壤的可培养细菌群落结构多样性和分布上均有差异。
Four soil culturable bacterial banks were established in four high altitude (4 056 ~ 5 015m) plateau soils in Tibet. The bacterial 16S rDNA sequence analysis technique was used to determine the community structure characteristics of the culturable bacterial pool. The results showed that 16SrDNA sequences of 21, 37, 31 and 32 bacteria were obtained from 4 bacterial strains of XZ02, XZ06, XZ08 and XZ12, respectively. A total of 45 OTU genotypes were obtained. The number and type of OTU produced by different samples are different. There is a common advantage OTU among different samples, but the proportions are different. The analysis of diversity index showed that the Shannon-Wiener index (H ’) and species richness index (dMa) of XZ08 were the largest, while that of XZ02 was the largest, with Simpson index (Ds) and species evenness index The results showed that the diversity index of different culturable bacteria was different. PCA analysis showed that the community structures of XZ06 and XZ12 were similar, but the community structure of XZ02 and XZ08 was different from that of XZ06. The typical OTU evolutionary localization analysis showed that the bacteria of 4 soil samples were mainly distributed in the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, XZ02 and XZ12 were Bacillus, and XZ02 and XZ12 were Bacillus and Pseudomonas. The diversity and distribution of culturable bacterial community in different sampling sites were different.