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目的：探讨依达拉奉对心肺复苏后自主循环恢复（ROSC）患者神经功能的影响及其机制。方法心肺复苏后自主循环恢复患者46例，随机分为常规治疗组22例和依达拉奉治疗组24例，常规治疗组患者仅给予常规心肺脑复苏治疗，依达拉奉治疗组在常规心肺脑复苏治疗的基础上给予依达拉奉30 mg加入生理盐水250 mL静脉滴注，每日2次，疗程14 d。分别于自主循环恢复即刻，复苏治疗3 d、7 d、14 d进行格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）评分；复苏后2周、12周、24周进行神经功能缺损评分（NFI）和Barthel指数（MBI）评分。结果两组患者复苏即刻的GCS评分差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）；复苏后3 d、7 d、14 d，两组患者的GCS评分均显著高于复苏即刻(均P <0.01)，依达拉奉治疗组患者各时间电的GCS评分均显著高于常规治疗组（均P <0.01）；依达拉奉治疗组患者的复苏后2周、12周、24周NFI评分均显著低于常规治疗组（均P 0.05）；复苏后12周、24周依达拉奉治疗组患者的MBI评分均显著高于常规治疗组（均P 0.05). However, the GSC scores 3, 7, and 14 days after cerebral rescuscitation of the edaravone group were all significantly higher than those of the conventional treatment group (all P <0.01). The NFI scores 2, 12, and 24 weeks after cerebral resuscitation of the edaravone group were all significantly lower than those of the conventional group (all P 0.05), however, the MBI values 12 and 24 weeks after cerebral resuscitation of the edaravone group were both significantly higher than those of the conventional treatment group (both P <0.01). Conclusion Edaravone is considered being effective in improving neurologic function in patients with ROSC.