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利用SSR分子标记结合荧光毛细管电泳检测技术,研究了野生杏和栽培杏的遗传多样性和遗传结构,结果显示:27个SSR位点,平均每个位点检测到17.82个等位基因(Na)和7.44个有效等位基因(Ne),平均Shannon’s信息指数(I)为2.23,平均期望杂合度(He)和观察杂合度(Ho)分别为0.70和0.52。基于SSR位点,群体水平上平均等位基因数、有效等位基因数、期望杂合度、观察杂合度和Shannon’s信息指数分别为6.59、4.15、0.70、0.53和1.50,说明我国杏种质资源遗传多样性丰富,其中野生杏资源遗传多样性明显高于栽培杏资源,野生杏中西伯利亚杏种质遗传多样性最高且具有较多的特异等位基因,而栽培杏中仁用杏遗传多样性最低,特有等位基因较少。聚类分析将供试159份种质分为4组。群体遗传结构分析将159份种质划分为5个类群,分类情况与传统形态指标划分基本一致。通过本研究可知,我国杏资源遗传多样性丰富,遗传结构较为复杂;西伯利亚杏与栽培杏亲缘关系较远;野生普通杏与栽培杏具有类似的遗传结构,推测野生普通杏为栽培杏原始种;仁用杏遗传多样性较低,遗传背景狭窄。本研究结果可为杏资源新品种选育及持续利用提供重要的理论依据。
The genetic diversity and genetic structure of wild apricot and cultivated apricot were studied by SSR molecular marker and fluorescent capillary electrophoresis. The results showed that 27 SSR loci detected 17.82 alleles (Na) per locus, And 7.44 effective alleles (Ne). The average Shannon’s information index (I) was 2.23. The average expected heterozygosity (He) and observed heterozygosity (Ho) were 0.70 and 0.52, respectively. Based on SSR loci, the average number of alleles, effective alleles, expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity and Shannon’s information index at population level were 6.59, 4.15, 0.70, 0.53 and 1.50, respectively, indicating that the inheritance of apricot germplasm resources Among them, the genetic diversity of wild apricot was significantly higher than that of cultivated apricot. Wild apricot germplasm had the highest genetic diversity and more specific alleles while the apricot apricot had the lowest genetic diversity , Less specific alleles. Cluster analysis divided the 159 accessions into 4 groups. The analysis of population genetic structure divides 159 germplasms into 5 groups, and the classification is basically the same as that of traditional morphological indexes. The genetic diversity of apricot resources in our country is rich and the genetic structure is complex. The genetic relationship between apricot and cultivated apricot has a long way to go. Apricot has the same genetic structure as wild apricot, Apricot genetic diversity is low, the genetic background is narrow. The results of this study can provide important theoretical basis for the breeding and sustainable utilization of new apricot resources.