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美国在独立战争以后,虽然在政治和经济等领域取得了独立性,但在文化和文学上,还难摆脱以前的宗主国英国的影响.美国的小说家即如詹姆斯、库柏那样,在欧洲读者中已有较大知名度,仍常常被说成是“美国的司各特”,育下之意,美国没有自己具有独创性的作家.甚至有些英国人还用讥诮的口吻同道:“普天之下有谁在读英国书?”面对着这样的挑战,美国文学界表现出极大的应战热情和奋斗精神,在短短的几十年时间内,便涌现出了像爱默生、梭罗、朗费罗、麦尔维尔等大批令世人瞩目的文学家,其中的纳撒尼尔·霍桑在小说创作中更是声名卓
After the War of Independence, although the United States has achieved independence in political and economic fields, it is still difficult to rid itself of the influence of the former sovereign state of Britain in terms of culture and literature. The American novelists are like James and Cooper, and they are European readers. There is already a relatively high reputation in China, and it is still often referred to as “Scott of the United States.” It means that the United States does not have its own original writer. Even some Britons use a sly tone to say: Who is reading the British?” Faced with this challenge, the American literary community has shown great enthusiasm and fighting spirit. Within a few short decades, Emerson and Thoreau emerged. Longfellow, Melville, and many other literary figures that have attracted the attention of the world, including Nathaniel Hawthorne, are even more famous in their novel writing.