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18世纪后,自然科学从哲学中分化出来,本身又分化为不同的学科领域,以便分门类地进行研究,出现了一系列学科门类,如力学、物理学、化学、动物学、天文学等;随着科学技术的不断发展,这些基础学科不断分化,相继出现二级、三级学科。与此同时,学科的综合发展趋势大为增强,原有各学科间产生边缘学科、综合学科,如环境科学、空间
After the eighteenth century, the natural sciences were separated from philosophy and differentiated into different disciplinary fields in order to carry out research in different fields. A series of disciplines such as mechanics, physics, chemistry, zoology and astronomy appeared. With the continuous development of science and technology, these basic disciplines continue to differentiate, one after another two, three disciplines. At the same time, the trend of comprehensive development of disciplines has been greatly enhanced. The original disciplines resulted in marginal disciplines and comprehensive disciplines such as environmental science, space