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目的 :为延髓及颈脊髓上段中线腹侧病变切除提供解剖学资料。方法 :1.成人完整颅骨 2 0 0个 ,测枕骨基底部的长、宽和厚 ;2 .在 10具成人头部标本 ,保留颅后窝硬脑膜 ,各脑神经根和血管 ,观察其位置及毗邻 ;3 .2 0具成人头部正中矢状断面标本 ,观察经鼻咽部进入颅腔和椎管的层次结构 ;4.5具头标本经口、鼻咽部逐层解剖至脑干下段及颈脊髓上段 ,观察两侧椎动脉 ,基底动脉、静脉和各脑神经根。结果 :1.枕骨基底部平均长 (2 7.9± 2 .4)mm ,平均宽 (2 0 .3± 2 .6 )mm ,平均厚 (10 .0± 0 .5 )mm ;2 .经解剖后详述了此入路的各层结构。结论 :经口、咽入路适合颅颈交界区中线和骨窗范围的病变切除。
Objective: To provide anatomical data for the medial ventral lesion in medulla oblongata and cervical spinal cord. The length, width and thickness of the basal part of the occipital bone were measured. 2. In 10 adult head specimens, the posterior fossa dura, the nerve roots and blood vessels of the cranial veins were preserved, and their positions were observed And adjacent; 3.20 medium adult sagittal median sagittal section specimens to observe the nasopharynx into the cranial cavity and the spinal canal hierarchy; 4.5 head specimen by mouth, nasopharyngeal dissection layer by layer to the lower part of the brain stem and neck Upper spinal cord, the two sides of the vertebral artery, basilar artery, vein and each nerve root. The average length of the base of the occipital bone was (7.9 ± 2.0) mm and average width was (20.3 ± 2.6) mm with an average thickness of (10.0 ± 0.5) mm. After detailed description of the various layers of the structure. Conclusion: Oral and pharyngeal approaches are suitable for lesion removal in the midline and bone window of the craniocervical junction.