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目的分析楚雄州麻疹/风疹疑似病例标本实验室检测结果,为消除麻疹和控制风疹疫情提供科学依据。方法用ELISA法对415例病例血清标本进行麻疹和风疹Ig M抗体测定,用real-time RT-PCR对415例病例咽拭子及尿液标本进行麻疹和风疹病毒核酸检测。结果 415例疑似病例麻疹病毒核酸检测及Ig M抗体检测阳性仅有1例,均为同一病例,阳性率为0.24%。风疹病毒Ig M抗体阳性率为7.95%,咽拭子标本、尿液标本风疹病毒核酸测阳性率分别为18.07%和9.64%,3种标本阳性率间差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.296,P<0.01)。ELISA法检测风疹病毒Ig M抗体阳性率与real-time RT-PCR法核酸检测阳性率间差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.556,P<0.01)。结论本州麻疹疫情控制较好,但风疹疫情态势严峻,应加强对风疹疫情的控制;real-time RT-PCR法阳性率高于ELISA法,进行麻疹/风疹病原学检测时应重点采集咽拭子标本。
Objective To analyze the laboratory test results of suspected cases of measles / rubella in Chuxiong Prefecture and provide a scientific basis for the elimination of measles and the control of the epidemic of rubella. Methods Serum specimens of measles and rubella were detected by ELISA in 415 cases of measles and rubella virus. The real-time RT-PCR was used to detect measles and rubella virus in 415 cases of throat swabs and urine samples. Results In 415 cases of suspected cases of measles virus nucleic acid detection and Ig M antibody test positive only 1 case, are the same case, the positive rate was 0.24%. The positive rate of rubella virus Ig M antibody was 7.95%, the positive rate of throat swab samples and urine sample rubella virus were 18.07% and 9.64%, respectively, and the positive rates of rubella virus were statistically significant (χ2 = 23.296, P <0.01). The positive rate of IgM antibody of rubella virus detected by ELISA was significantly different from that of real-time RT-PCR (χ2 = 27.556, P <0.01). Conclusion The epidemic situation of measles in our country is controlled well, but the epidemic situation of rubella is severe. The control of rubella epidemic should be strengthened. The positive rate of real-time RT-PCR is higher than that of ELISA, and the etiology of measles / rubella should be focused on the detection of throat swab specimen.