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设施农业中过量施肥和灌溉不仅降低肥料利用率,且容易引发硝酸盐污染风险。以库尔勒英下乡露天菜地为参照,对该地大棚菜地年度氮素输入量、土壤剖面硝态氮累积特征,以及地下水硝态氮含量进行了研究。结果表明:氮素年度输入量大棚菜地>露天菜地;两种种植方式0-180cm土壤均出现了硝酸盐的明显累积,大棚菜地硝态氮累积量随种植年限的增长而升高,并表现出明显的底层累积(60-180cm)特征,但均未超过露天菜地;对地下水调查发现硝态氮超标率达86.36%,对当地居民身体健康造成潜在威胁。因此,必须采取合理的农业管理措施,提高绿洲农业生态系统的氮肥利用率。
Excessive fertilization and irrigation in facility agriculture not only reduce fertilizer use rates, but also easily lead to the risk of nitrate contamination. Taking Korla as an example, the annual nitrogen input, the accumulation of nitrate-N in soil profile and the nitrate nitrogen content in groundwater were studied in this area. The results showed that the annual input of nitrogen was in the vegetable garden> open vegetable garden; the obvious accumulation of nitrate appeared in 0-180cm soil in both planting ways, the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in vegetable garden increased with planting years, (60-180cm), but none of them exceeded the open-air vegetable fields. The groundwater survey found that the exceeding standard rate of nitrate nitrogen reached 86.36%, posing a potential threat to the health of local residents. Therefore, we must take reasonable agricultural management measures to improve the utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer in the oasis agro-ecosystem.