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为了解白鹤滩蓄水运行前黑水河下游鱼类资源的现状、受到的主要威胁及其保护措施,于2014年1~12月在黑水河下游干支流江段采用电捕法进行了渔获物调查。结果显示:12个月共调查发现鱼类28种,隶属于3目8科23属,其中喜流水生境、产粘沉性卵、以着生藻类或/和底栖动物为食物的鱼类种类较多;调查区域鱼类个体规格普遍较小,其中齐口裂腹鱼Schizothorax prenanti、短体副鳅Paracobitis potanini、红尾副鳅Paracobitis varigatus、短须裂腹鱼Schizothorax wangchiachii、前鳍高原鳅Triplophysa anterodorsalis、中华纹胸鮡Glyptothorax sinense和凹尾拟鲿Pseudobagrus emarginatus为调查区域的主要经济鱼类;上半年和下半年的渔获物结构在统计学上差异显著(R=0.81,p=0.1%<0.05),鱼类在金沙江干流和黑水河下游之间的相互迁徙比较明显;CPUE呈现先波动下降然后逐月上升的趋势,其中10月份的CPUE最低;丰度生物量比较曲线显示2014年各月的渔获物结构均处于严重干扰状态。黑水河下游河道采砂以及过度捕捞是白鹤滩蓄水前影响黑水河下游鱼类资源的主要因素,建议通过控制采砂的江段、采砂的时间以及全面禁捕保护该区域的鱼类资源。
In order to understand the current situation of the fish resources in the lower reaches of Heishui River before the operation of Baihetan reservoir and the main threats to it and their protection measures, electric fishing method was used to catch fisheries from January to December 2014 in the dry- Surveys. The results showed that 28 species of fish were found in 12 months, belonging to 3 orders, 8 families and 23 genera. Among them, Xijiu aquatic habitat, cohered eggs, fish species that were fed on algae and / or zoobenthos More, and the survey of individual fish species in the survey area is generally small, including Schizothorax prenanti, Paracobitis potanini, Paracobitis varigatus, Schizothorax wangchiachii, Triplophysa anterodorsalis , Glyptothorax sinense and Pseudobagrus emarginatus were the main economic fish in the survey area. The catch structure in the first half and the second half of the year was significantly different (R = 0.81, p = 0.1% <0.05 ). The migration of fish between the main Jinsha River and the lower reaches of Heishui River is more obvious. The CPUE shows the tendency of fluctuating first and then rising month by month, among which the lowest is CPUE in October. The comparison of abundance biomass shows that in 2014 The catch structure of the month is severely disrupted. Sand mining and over-fishing in the lower reaches of Heishui River are the major factors affecting the fish resources in the lower reaches of Heishui River before the storage of Bailongtan Reservoir. It is proposed to protect the fish in the area by controlling the section of sand mining, sand mining time and a complete ban Class resources.