论文部分内容阅读
历史上的“山丹贸易”是指18世纪中期到19世纪中期,由山丹人在山丹地区和库页岛进行的以貂皮、丝绵织物为主要商品的贸易活动。山丹贸易的基础是清王朝对东北少数民族实行的贡貂赏乌林制度。其实质与明王朝的定期朝贡制度一样,属于赋税制度。19世纪以后,随着日本和俄罗斯势力的渗入,山丹贸易的实质和具体贸易形态发生了深刻变化,更使清王朝对山丹地区的统治渐趋弱化,山丹贸易也因此走向消亡。
The historical “Shandan trade” refers to trade activities mainly made of mink and silk fabrics by Shandan people in the Shandan area and Sakhalin Island from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century. The foundation of the Shandan trade was the Gonglin Wulin system practiced by the Qing Dynasty towards the northeast ethnic minorities. Its essence is the same as the Ming Dynasty’s regular tributary system, which belongs to the tax system. Since the 19th century, with the infiltration of Japanese and Russian forces, profound changes have taken place in the essence and specific trade patterns of the Shandan trade. This has further weakened the Qing dynasty’s rule over the Shandan area and the Shandan trade has therefore gone to extinction.