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一、导言最初,利用动力来装卸液体货物,排放压载水,驱动液体控制阀门以及其它机械是由于下述两个基本原因——即阀门的尺寸大,人们要用很大的力气去操作;二是阀门的位置问题,这常常给操作带来困难。在50年代后期,船舶特别是油轮的吨位开始逐渐变大,到60年代后期和70年代初,更是从4～5万吨(载重量)一下子飞跃到50万吨。这样,上述的阀门尺寸增大问题,就变得显而易见。而第二个问题,即阀门的安装位置问题,这个矛盾在现代散装货船的压载系统中表现得最为突出。船舶吨位的增大,在极为昂贵的码头装卸费用方面,又增加了与其极不相称的停船(包
I. INTRODUCTION Initially, the use of motive power to load and unload liquid cargo, discharge ballast water, drive liquid control valves and other machinery was due to two basic reasons - the large size of the valve and the large amount of effort required to operate it; Second, the location of the valve, which often brings difficulties to the operation. In the late 1950s, the tonnage of ships, especially tankers, began to gradually increase. From the late 1960s and early 1970s, the tonnage of ships, especially the oil tankers, leapt to 500,000 tons from 40,000 to 50,000 tons. In this way, the above-mentioned problems of valve size increase become obvious. The second problem, the installation position of the valve, is the most prominent manifestation of this contradiction in the ballast system of modern bulk carriers. The increase in the tonnage of ships has added a disproportionate amount of damage to the extremely expensive terminal loading and unloading