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一多用介词
多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响,将及物动词误用作不及物动词,也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错。如:
1.我看见她进了银行。
误:I saw her enter into the bank.
正:I saw her enter the bank.
析:enter表示“进入(某场所)”时,是及物动词,后接宾语而不用介词。
2.他同一位护士结了婚。
误:He married with a nurse.
正:He married a nurse.
析:marry的意思“与某人结婚”,本身为及物动词,不要仿汉语意思后接介词with。
3.我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。
误:We should serve for the people heart and soul.
正:We should serve the people heart and soul.
析:serve的意思是“为……服务”,是及物动词,其后宾语不能用介词。
4.他在这儿有很多朋友。
误:He has a great many of friends here.
正:He has a great many friends here.
析:与a lot of, a great deal of, a great number of等不同,a great many后接名词时通常不用介词of,除非其后接的名词有the, these, my, Tom’s等修饰。比较:a great many trees许多树,a great many of these trees这些树当中的许多。
二漏用介词
漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响,将不及物动词误用作及物动词,或是受相关结构的影响而用错。如:
1.你们应该用英语彼此交谈。
误:You should talk each other in English.
正:You should talk to each other in English.
析:talk表示“交谈”时是不及物动词,后接代词宾语each other时要用介词。
2.他的话值得一听。
误:What he says is worth listening.
正:What he said is worth listening to.
析:因句子主语与worth后的动名词有动宾关系,所以其后不及物动词listen应加上介词to。
3.他们坚持要派车来接我们。
误:They insisted sending a car over to fetch us.
正:They insisted on sending a car over to fetch us.
析:insist表示“坚持”时,若后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语,需借助介词on;若后接that从句作宾语则不用介词。如He insisted that he should see her home.
4.他喝了一口茶,又接着讲故事。
误:He took a cup of tea, and went on the story.
正:He took a cup of tea, and went on with the story.
析:go on后接现在分词时,不用介词,即可说go on doing sth.;但若后接名词时,则要接介词with,即说go on with sth.。
5.我母亲还把我当小孩看。
误:My mother still regards me a child.
正:My mother still regards me as a child.
析:regard习惯上不接双宾语,要表示类似意思,可用regard...as...。
三错用介词
错用介词的情况比较复杂,可能是受汉语意思的影响而用错,也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而用错;可能是混淆用法而用错,也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错;可能是忽略语境而用错,也可能是想当然地用错。如:
1.她昨天去了他的办公室拜访。
误:She called on his office yesterday.
正:She called at his office yesterday.
析:call表示“拜访”时,若后接地点,用介词at;若后接人,用介词on。
2.太阳从东方升起。
误:The sun rises from the east.
正:The sun rises in the east.
析:误句主要是因受汉语意思影响而错。
3.在他的帮助下,我及时做完了。
误:Under his help, I finished it in time.
正:With his help, I finished it in time.
析:汉语说在某人的帮助下,但英语中的help前习惯上不用under,而用with。
4.他在日本期间,参观过许多地方。
误:During he was in Japan, he visited many places.
正:During his stay in Japan, he visited many places.
析:during是介词,不是连词,所以其后不能接句子。
多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响,将及物动词误用作不及物动词,也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错。如:
1.我看见她进了银行。
误:I saw her enter into the bank.
正:I saw her enter the bank.
析:enter表示“进入(某场所)”时,是及物动词,后接宾语而不用介词。
2.他同一位护士结了婚。
误:He married with a nurse.
正:He married a nurse.
析:marry的意思“与某人结婚”,本身为及物动词,不要仿汉语意思后接介词with。
3.我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。
误:We should serve for the people heart and soul.
正:We should serve the people heart and soul.
析:serve的意思是“为……服务”,是及物动词,其后宾语不能用介词。
4.他在这儿有很多朋友。
误:He has a great many of friends here.
正:He has a great many friends here.
析:与a lot of, a great deal of, a great number of等不同,a great many后接名词时通常不用介词of,除非其后接的名词有the, these, my, Tom’s等修饰。比较:a great many trees许多树,a great many of these trees这些树当中的许多。
二漏用介词
漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响,将不及物动词误用作及物动词,或是受相关结构的影响而用错。如:
1.你们应该用英语彼此交谈。
误:You should talk each other in English.
正:You should talk to each other in English.
析:talk表示“交谈”时是不及物动词,后接代词宾语each other时要用介词。
2.他的话值得一听。
误:What he says is worth listening.
正:What he said is worth listening to.
析:因句子主语与worth后的动名词有动宾关系,所以其后不及物动词listen应加上介词to。
3.他们坚持要派车来接我们。
误:They insisted sending a car over to fetch us.
正:They insisted on sending a car over to fetch us.
析:insist表示“坚持”时,若后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语,需借助介词on;若后接that从句作宾语则不用介词。如He insisted that he should see her home.
4.他喝了一口茶,又接着讲故事。
误:He took a cup of tea, and went on the story.
正:He took a cup of tea, and went on with the story.
析:go on后接现在分词时,不用介词,即可说go on doing sth.;但若后接名词时,则要接介词with,即说go on with sth.。
5.我母亲还把我当小孩看。
误:My mother still regards me a child.
正:My mother still regards me as a child.
析:regard习惯上不接双宾语,要表示类似意思,可用regard...as...。
三错用介词
错用介词的情况比较复杂,可能是受汉语意思的影响而用错,也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而用错;可能是混淆用法而用错,也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错;可能是忽略语境而用错,也可能是想当然地用错。如:
1.她昨天去了他的办公室拜访。
误:She called on his office yesterday.
正:She called at his office yesterday.
析:call表示“拜访”时,若后接地点,用介词at;若后接人,用介词on。
2.太阳从东方升起。
误:The sun rises from the east.
正:The sun rises in the east.
析:误句主要是因受汉语意思影响而错。
3.在他的帮助下,我及时做完了。
误:Under his help, I finished it in time.
正:With his help, I finished it in time.
析:汉语说在某人的帮助下,但英语中的help前习惯上不用under,而用with。
4.他在日本期间,参观过许多地方。
误:During he was in Japan, he visited many places.
正:During his stay in Japan, he visited many places.
析:during是介词,不是连词,所以其后不能接句子。