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目的了解北京市顺义区2014年接触苯系物作业人员健康状况,探讨其影响因素,为预防和控制职业病危害的发生提供科学依据。方法按企业规模分层抽样的方法,随机抽取54家涉苯系物企业在岗职业接触苯系物的作业人员共1 036名为调查对象,对其职业健康检查结果进行分析。结果 45岁以上年龄组苯系物作业人员出现眼刺激症状占6.2%。1 036名作业人员中潜在轻度苯中毒危害有46人(4.4%)出现白细胞减少,44人(4.2%)中性粒细胞减少,58人(5.6%)出现血细胞减少(1种或多种血细胞减少之和)。女性接触苯系物作业人员白细胞减少率为7.5%,高于男性(3.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.10,P<0.01)。45岁以上年龄组接触苯系物作业人员白细胞减少率最高为9.0%,不同年龄组白细胞减少率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=8.56,P<0.05)。结论顺义区涉苯系物作业人员仍存在潜在苯中毒危害及神经症状异常,应对重点人群,实行分类管理、重点监督、综合防治,以切实保护接触苯系物作业人员的健康。
Objective To understand the health status of workers exposed to benzene series in Shunyi District of Beijing in 2014, and to explore the influencing factors, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational hazards. Methods According to the method of stratified sampling on a scale of enterprises, a total of 1 036 workers were randomly selected from 54 benzene-related plant-based companies for occupational exposure to benzene-related substances, and their occupational health examination results were analyzed. Results Eye-irritation symptoms were observed in workers with benzene series over 45 years of age, accounting for 6.2%. Forty-four (4.4%) of the 1,036 workers were at risk of leukopenia, 44 (4.2%) had neutropenia, and 58 (5.6%) had cytopenias (one or more The sum of cytopenias). The leukopenia rate of female workers exposed to benzene series was 7.5%, higher than that of male (3.4%), the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 8.10, P <0.01). The highest rate of leukopenia in workers over 45 years old exposed to benzene series was 9.0%. The leukopenia rates in different age groups were statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 8.56, P <0.05). Conclusion There are still potential benzene poisoning hazards and abnormal neurological symptoms in the operators of benzene-related substances in Shunyi District. Key people should be dealt with, classified management should be implemented, supervision should be given priority to and comprehensive prevention and control should be implemented to effectively protect the health of workers exposed to benzene series.