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高速撞击条件下,弹、靶材料的变形失效机制是穿甲侵彻机理研究的重要内容,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力学程序对钨合金杆式弹侵彻45#钢板进行数值模拟。结果表明,撞击瞬间,强压缩冲击波沿弹芯和靶板的撞击接触面分别向弹芯和靶板内部传递,波后的等效应力超过材料的强度极限,因而发生剧烈塑性变形甚至破碎。侵彻过程中,钨合金弹芯前端3mm～4mm处热软化效应显著,应力强度发生塌陷,导致塑性变形流动而形成“蘑菇头”。45#钢的破坏方式主要是延性扩孔,对应弹、靶材料的塑性变形较均匀,整个侵彻不发生绝热剪切局部化行为。
Under the conditions of high-speed impact, the mechanism of deformation and failure of the projectile and target material is an important part of the research on the mechanism of piercing penetration. The numerical simulation of tungsten steel rod projectile penetrating 45 # steel plate is carried out by ANSYS / LS-DYNA dynamics program. The results show that at the moment of impact, the intense compressive shock wave propagates along the impact interface of the projectile and the target plate to the core and the target plate respectively. The equivalent stress after the wave exceeds the material strength limit and thus undergoes severe plastic deformation and even crushing. In the process of penetration, the thermal softening effect of the front end of the tungsten alloy core is 3mm ~ 4mm, and the stress intensity collapses, resulting in the plastic deformation flow and the formation of “mushroom head”. The failure mode of 45 # steel is mainly ductile reaming, corresponding plastic deformation of the projectile and target material is more uniform, and adiabatic shearing localization behavior does not occur throughout the penetration.