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中外经济学家研究社会主义经济转轨的方法大体有五种:一是“激进—渐进”的速度分析方法,二是“目标—指标”的定量分析方法,三是“政治—经济”的关联分析方法,四是“成本—效益”的经济分析方法,五是“过程—绩效”的实证分析方法。这些分析方法既有其合理性,同时又存在着缺陷。本文认为,立足于历史唯物主义科学世界观的马克思主义制度分析方法是研究社会主义经济转轨的科学方法。为此,本文运用马克思主义的制度分析方法,即“生产方式—社会结构”分析方法对社会主义经济转轨进行深入而系统的分析。本文的基本观点是:社会主义经济转轨实质上是社会经济结构即生产方式与生产关系的变革,这一变革的根源在于传统社会主义生产方式与社会经济结构的内在矛盾,这一变革的趋势必然是构建与市场经济相适应的现代社会主义模式。
Chinese and foreign economists study the socialist transformation of the economy there are generally five ways: First, “radical - progressive” speed analysis method, the second is the “target - indicators” quantitative analysis method, the third is the “political - economic” analysis of the relationship Methods, four is the “cost - benefit” economic analysis method, five is the “process - performance” empirical analysis. These methods of analysis are not only reasonable but also flawed. This article argues that the Marxist institutional analysis method based on the historical view of the historical materialism is a scientific method to study the socialist transformation of the economy. To this end, this article uses Marxist institutional analysis method, that is, “production method - social structure” analysis method to carry out an in-depth and systematic analysis of the socialist economic transition. The basic idea of this paper is that the socialist economic transition is essentially a transformation of the social economic structure, that is, the relationship between the mode of production and the production. The root cause of this change lies in the inherent contradictions between the traditional socialist mode of production and the social economic structure. The trend of this change must It is to build a modern socialist model that is compatible with the market economy.