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—、前言目前世界各地都感到淡水不足,据称有十亿人口不同程度地闹水荒,出现了“水的危机”。“水资源不足”、“能源危机”、“人口爆发”已成为当今世界的三大问题。许多国家都在制订水资源综合利用规划,并拟定各种措施,争取“开源节流”,兴建各种水利工程,开发利用水资源;同时开展防治污染工作,以期减轻公害,力求保护水资源。我国的水资源分布不平衡,工农业布局不够合理,形成我国部分地区用水严重不足的局面。目前不仅华北、东北和西北出现了“用水不足”,就是南方水源比较充足的地区,也发生了季节性或者间歇性缺水现象。据统计,京广铁路沿线、津浦铁路沿线以及沿海港口大连、青岛等,全国已有154个城
-, Foreword At present, fresh water shortage is felt all over the world. It is said that there are billions of people who are suffering from water shortages to varying degrees and “water crisis” has emerged. “Water shortage”, “energy crisis” and “population explosion” have become the three major problems in today’s world. Many countries are formulating plans for the comprehensive utilization of water resources and formulating various measures to strive for “cutting costs and cutting costs”, building various water conservancy projects, developing and utilizing water resources, and conducting pollution prevention and control work with a view to mitigating pollution and striving to protect water resources. The unbalanced distribution of water resources in our country and the unfair industrial and agricultural layout have created a serious shortage of water in some areas of our country. At present, there are not only “insufficient water” in North China, Northeast China and Northwest China, but also seasonal or intermittent water shortages in areas where there is abundant water in the south. According to statistics, along the Jing-Guang Railroad, along Jinpu Railway and the coastal ports of Dalian and Qingdao, there are 154 cities nationwide