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世界石油工业发端于1859年的美国,从那时起直到英国政府1914年介入石油工业,从事石油工业经营活动的一直是私营石油公司,而且少数几家私营国际大石油公司居于垄断地位的状况从20年代一直持续到70年代。 70年代,发展中国家产油国石油国有化,建立国家石油公司的浪潮极大地改变了世界石油工业的格局。与此同时,西方发达国家也纷纷建立了自己的国家石油公司。到80年代初期为止,几乎所有的产油国(除美国等极少数国家之外)都建立了国家石油
The world oil industry originated in the United States in 1859 and since that time until the British government intervened in the oil industry in 1914, oil-industry operations have been private oil companies and the few private international oil companies have dominance The 1920s continued until the 1970s. In the 1970s, the nationalization of oil-producing countries in the developing countries and the establishment of a national oil company have greatly changed the pattern of the world oil industry. At the same time, the western developed countries have also set up their own national oil companies. By the early 1980s almost all oil-producing countries (except for a handful of countries like the United States) had established the National Petroleum