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在计划经济中,企业没有破产的忧虑,似乎可以永远地生存下去。但是在市场经济中,企业的破产却是司空见惯的事,弱小企业自不用说,就是大型企业也难于幸免。那么在市场经济中企业的寿命有多长呢?前两年日本经济新闻社出版了一本名叫《企业的寿命》的书,对这个问题作出了回答。该书按照企业的总资产和销售额的大小,将历年的日本企业进行排位,并对自1882年至1982年这100年间每年进入前100位的企业,以每10年为一期进行了统计分析。分析结果表明,在第一个10年中居于前100位的企业共有194个,随着时间的流逝,在最后一个10年中仅有一个企业保留下来。在这100年中共出现了413个企业,平均每个企业出现了2.5次,即每个企业发展的鼎盛期为25年。尽管这种统计方法并不十分准确,但它却充分地表明了企业在市场经济中要想长久地保持其繁荣成长是多么困难!
In a planned economy, it seems that companies can survive without bankruptcy. However, in a market economy, the bankruptcy of an enterprise is a common occurrence. It is difficult for a small and medium-sized enterprise to say that it is impossible for a large enterprise to survive. So how long is the life expectancy of an enterprise in a market economy? The first two years Nihon Keizai Shimbun published a book entitled “The Life of a Business,” which answers this question. The book in accordance with the size of the total assets and sales of enterprises, the number of Japanese enterprises in the calendar year, and from 1882 to 1982 in the 100 years each year to enter the top 100 companies every 10 years for a period of Statistical Analysis. The analysis shows 194 companies in the top 100 in the first 10 years, with only one in the last 10 years remaining with the passage of time. In these 100 years, there were 413 enterprises in total, with an average of 2.5 times for each enterprise, that is, the peak period of each enterprise’s development is 25 years. Although this statistical method is not very accurate, but it fully demonstrates that enterprises in the market economy in order to long-term to maintain its prosperity and growth is how difficult!