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清朝政府对分布在东北边疆少数民族实行“因俗而治”的基本政策,设置各种具有民族特色的地方建置进行统辖。根据不同地域、民族情况及归附先后分别实行不同的管理措施,其中以血缘与地域相结合的方式,对黑龙江下游、乌苏里江流域及库页岛的各族边民实行“边民姓长”制度,管辖赫哲、费雅喀、库页和部分鄂伦春、奇勒尔人等。
The Qing government exercised control over the basic policies of “ethnic customs and governing” distributed to ethnic minorities in the northeast frontier and set up various local settings with national characteristics. According to different regions, ethnic situations and successively attached to the implementation of different management measures, including blood and geographical integration of the way, on the lower reaches of Heilongjiang, Wusuli River and Sakhalin border nation to implement “border people name long” System, jurisdiction He Zhe, Feiyakar, library page and part of Oroqen, Chilor and so on.