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煤矿为了高产高效,采区巷道普遍采取大断面矩形形状、且沿煤层布置。由于煤层相对于上覆岩层强度较弱,矿压显现明显,煤帮常常出现较大范围的破裂、破坏现象,严重威胁巷道稳定和安全生产。采用高强锚杆(索)加固技术可以维护巷道的稳定,但锚杆长度、直径、间排距等参数主要依靠经验确定,缺乏依据理论的计算方法。本文针对水平层状岩层、矩形煤巷,基于岩层控制关键层理论和弹性地基梁模型,获得岩梁变形及应力解析表达式,以确定煤巷侧帮的压力及破裂范围;进而根据岩土工程稳定原理,确定维护煤帮稳定所需要的锚固力,为锚杆直径及间排距的确定提供理论依据。最后,通过算例进行了煤巷侧帮压力及锚杆参数的计算,其结果符合工程实际。
In order to produce high-efficiency coal mines, mining area roadway generally take a large cross-section rectangular shape, and layout along the seam. Due to the weak strength of the coal seam relative to the overlying rock strata, the mine pressure appears obvious. The coal gangue often shows a large range of rupture and destruction phenomena, which seriously threatens the stability and safe production of the roadway. The use of high-strength bolt (cable) reinforcement technology can maintain the stability of the roadway, but the bolt length, diameter, spacing and other parameters mainly rely on experience to determine, the lack of theoretical calculations. In this paper, deformation and stress analysis expressions of rock girders are obtained for horizontal strata and rectangular coal strata based on key strata theory of rock control and elastic foundation beam model to determine the pressure and fracture range of side strata of coal tunnel. According to geotechnical engineering Stability principle, to determine the stability of coal to help maintain the required anchoring force for the determination of bolt diameter and spacing to provide a theoretical basis. Finally, the calculation of side pressure and bolt parameters of coal roadway is carried out through an example. The result is in line with the actual project.