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一、引言催化剂的研制麻烦费时。从配方制定、条件选择、结构分析、寿命评价到工业化应用,短则数年,长则十余年。多相催化剂的活性和选择性往往取决于它们的组成、结构和反应操作条件。因而人们常将注意力集中到催化剂的制备上,这是调节和控制催化剂组成与结构的关键。诚然苏联鲍列斯柯夫学派曾提出关于催化剂活性与制备方法无关的比活性概念,但这种概念在应用上有一定局限性。目前,催化剂的研制仍然处于经验或者半经验状态。为此,了解各种催化剂研制过程中积累的经验和规律就显得十分重要。
First, the introduction of catalyst development cumbersome and time-consuming. Formulation, selection of conditions, structural analysis, life assessment to industrial applications, as short as a few years, as long as ten years. The activity and selectivity of heterogeneous catalysts often depend on their composition, structure and reaction operating conditions. Therefore, people often focus on the preparation of the catalyst, which is to adjust and control the catalyst composition and structure of the key. It is true that the Soviet Union Bolsheviks have put forward on the catalyst activity and preparation methods unrelated to the specific activity concept, but this concept has some limitations in the application. At present, the catalyst development is still in experience or semi-empirical state. Therefore, it is very important to understand the accumulated experience and laws in the development of various catalysts.