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目的:了解目前广州市城、郊区婴儿出生及喂养情况,找出婴儿喂养存在的问题及影响因素。方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取广州市越秀区和白云区郊区共2 040名42天以上、1岁以内婴儿及其母亲作为调查对象,逐一进行面对面问卷调查。结果:广州市城、郊区低出生体重儿、巨大儿和早产儿发生率分别为3.75%、4.20%和6.13%,城区显著高于郊区(P<0.01)。婴儿4个月内母乳喂养率为41.99%,城、郊区差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);出生后4个月内添加辅食的比例是29.34%,4～6个月为70.28%。Logistic回归分析显示,影响喂养行为的主要因素有乳汁分泌量、分娩方式、母亲年龄、地域、母亲文化程度和家庭年收入等。结论:广州城、郊区婴儿喂养方式仍存在很多不合理现象,应根据人群不同特点有针对性地开展健康教育,普及营养知识和科学育儿观念,提高母乳喂养率,并适时合理地添加辅食,以促进婴儿生长发育。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the birth and feeding status of infants in Guangzhou and its suburbs and to find out the problems and influential factors of infants feeding. Methods: A total of 2 040 babies aged over 42 days and within 1 year of age and their mothers were selected as the survey subjects by faceted questionnaires by cluster sampling method. Results: The incidences of low birth weight children, huge children and premature infants in Guangzhou city and suburbs were 3.75%, 4.20% and 6.13% respectively. The urban area was significantly higher than that in the suburbs (P <0.01). The rate of breastfeeding in 4 months was 41.99% in infants. There was significant difference between urban and suburban (P <0.01). The proportion of supplementary feeding within 4 months after birth was 29.34% and 70.28% in 4 ~ 6 months. Logistic regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting feeding behavior are milk secretion, mode of delivery, mother’s age, geographical area, mother’s educational level and family annual income. Conclusion: There are still many unreasonable ways of infant feeding in Guangzhou and its suburbs. Health education, popularization of nutritional knowledge and scientific concept of child rearing should be carried out in accordance with different characteristics of the population. The rate of breastfeeding should be increased and supplementary food should be timely and reasonably added Promote baby growth and development.