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利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对大连近岸海域表层海水、沉积物和贝类体内重金属含量进行了测定,分析了其分布特征及潜在生态风险。结果表明,大连近岸海域表层海水和沉积物中Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg的平均含量分别为15.2、1.21、0.59、0.13、0.104、0.038μg/L、51.8×10-6、11.2×10-6、20.4×10-6、0.07×10-6、13.5×10-6、0.021×10-6,贝类体内Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg的平均含量为108×10-6、0.36×10-6、1.25×10-6、0.11×10-6、0.016×10-6。沉积物重金属富集能力高于生物;沉积物、扇贝和牡蛎分别优先富集Pb、Cd和Zn元素。风险评价结果表明,大连近岸海水中各种重金属生态风险和贝类食用安全风险较低,但沉积物中Hg存在一定的生态风险。
The contents of heavy metals in surface seawater, sediments and shellfish in coastal waters of Dalian were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and their distribution characteristics and potential ecological risks were analyzed. The results showed that the average contents of Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Hg in the surface seawater and sediment of coastal waters of Dalian were 15.2,1.21,0.59,0.13,0.104,0.038μg / L, 51.8 × 10-6, 11.2 × 10-6,20.4 × 10-6,0.07 × 10-6,13.5 × 10-6,0.021 × 10-6, the average contents of Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb and Hg in shellfish were 108 × 10- 6, 0.36 × 10 -6, 1.25 × 10 -6, 0.11 × 10 -6, 0.016 × 10 -6. Sediments have higher enrichment ability than heavy metals, and Pb, Cd and Zn are preferentially enriched in sediments, scallops and oysters, respectively. The results of risk assessment showed that the ecological risk of heavy metals and the safety of shellfish in Dalian coastal waters were low, but there was ecological risk in Hg sediments.