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Objective:The aim of our study was to assess the value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DMRI) in predicting early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and to assess the accuracy of DMRI in evaluating residual disease after NAC.Methods:DMRI were per formed in 43 women with LABC (44 lesions,all were invasive ductal carcinoma) before,after the first and final cycle of NAC.Tuout volume,early enhanced ratio (E1),maximum enhanced ratio (Emax),and maximum enhanced time (Tmax),dynamic signal intensity-time curve were obtained during treatment.Residual tumour volumes obtained using DMRI were compared with pathological findings to assess the accuracy of DMRI.Results:After 1st cycle of NAC,the mean volume of responders decreased insignificantly,P＞0.05,but after NAC,mean volume of residual tumor decreased significantly (P＜0.01).Morphol ogy change:29 cases showed a concentric shrinkage patte while 7 cases showed a dendritic shrinkage patte.Significant differences were found in E1,Emax and Tmax between responders and non-responders (P＜0.05).After 1st cycle of NAC, E1,Emax and Tmax of responders changed significantly (P＜0.001);while there is no significant change in non-responders (P＞0.05).After NAC,dynamic signal intensity-time types were changed in responders,and tended to be significantly flat tening,while no significant change was found in non-responders.The residual tumour volume correlation coefficient between DMRI and pathology measurements was very high (r = 0.866,P = 0.000).Conclusion:DMRI is useful to evaluate the early response to NAC in LABC.The presence and volume of residual disease in LABC patients treated with NAC could be ac curately evaluated by DMRI.