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美国的铁路运输长期以来把提高生产率作为与公路和水运竞争的一种手段。在过去的12年中,美国铁路的货车载重量提高45%,列车平均速度增长44%,平均列车长度增加35%,燃料的燃烧效率提高29%。尽管如此,铁路城市间货物周转量在总货物周转量中所占比重已从1929年的75%降为1982年的36%。同一时期内,公路运输从3%增长至23%,水上运输从1.4%增长至近13%。在城市间运输的税收方面,铁路从1960年的31.6%下降到1981年的20.8%,与此同时,公路却从62.9%增长至74.4%。
Rail transport in the United States has long regarded productivity gains as a means of competing with roads and waterways. Over the past 12 years, the U.S. railroad has seen a 45% increase in truckloads, an average train speed of 44%, an average train length of 35% and a fuel burn of 29%. Nevertheless, the volume of freight traffic between railway cities dropped from 75% of the total cargo turnover in 1929 to 36% in 1982. Over the same period, road transport increased from 3% to 23% and water transport increased from 1.4% to nearly 13%. In terms of tax revenues for inter-city transportation, the number of railways dropped from 31.6% in 1960 to 20.8% in 1981, while the number of roads increased from 62.9% to 74.4%.