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近年来,由于生态条件适宜,抗药性剧增等原因,棉铃虫在北方棉区连年暴发,对我国棉花生产的持续稳定发展构成了极大威胁。目前,我国农监科技工作者采用高新技术育成的一批基因抗虫棉新品种(系)的推广应用,为控制棉铃虫暴发为害找到了最为经济、有效的途径。但是,这些抗虫棉新品种(系)的生长发育规律发生了变化,因此,在管理方面需要采取与常规棉花品种不同的特殊管理技术,才能发挥抗虫棉的最大经济、社会和生态效益。 一、基因抗虫棉的综合效益 1.抗虫作用显著。据试验示范结果表明,基因抗虫棉的抗虫作用表现在4个方面:一是延缓龄期。取食抗虫中12的棉铃虫初孵幼虫的24小时虫龄为1.3,较常规中12延缓了0.6个龄期;二是化蛹率低,蛹轻,分别低66.9％、33.3％;三是发育率低。取食抗虫中12的初龄及3龄幼虫的72小时存活率分别为0和35.0％,分别比后者降低100％和53.3％;四是对各代棉铃虫都有良好的控制作用。罩笼接虫调查,抗虫棉与常规棉百株落卵量差异不显著,3龄以上幼虫降低53.8～81.5％;田间试验示范,在平作、不治虫条件下,抗虫中12上二、三、四代棉铃虫的百株幼虫量分别比常规中12减少55.7—82.5％、80.00—83.3％、80.2—98.4％,抗虫中13—有毒仅四代防治1次,各代棉铃虫百株幼虫量分别为0.62、8.6头,与常?
In recent years, due to the suitable ecological conditions and the rapid increase of drug resistance, the occurrence of the cotton bollworm in the northern cotton area in successive years has posed a great threat to the sustained and steady development of China’s cotton production. At present, the popularization and application of a number of new varieties (lines) of transgenic cotton cultivated by high-tech in our country by agricultural scientific and technological scientific researchers has found the most economical and effective way to control the outbreak of cotton bollworm. However, the growth and development of these new varieties (lines) of insect-resistant cotton have changed. Therefore, special management techniques different from those of conventional cotton varieties need to be adopted in management so as to exert the maximum economic, social and ecological benefits of insect-resistant cotton. First, the comprehensive benefits of gene-resistant cotton 1. Insecticidal effect was significant. According to the experimental demonstration results show that the insect-resistant genetically modified cotton performance in four areas: First, delay the age. The first instar larvae of H. armigera collected from insect-resistant 12 had a larval instar of 1.3 for 24 hours and a delay of 0.6 larvae compared with 12 for conventional treatment. The second was low pupation rate and light pupae, which were 66.9% and 33.3% lower respectively; Is a low rate of development. The 72-hour survival rates of first instar and third instar larvae of feeding insect-resistant middle-aged 12 were 0 and 35.0%, respectively, which were 100% and 53.3% lower than the latter respectively. Fourthly, the control of cotton bollworm in each generation had a good control effect. Insect-resistant cotton and conventional cotton one hundred eggs were not significantly different from the number of larvae, 3rd instar larvae decreased by 53.8 ~ 81.5%; field trials demonstrate that in the flat, non-pest control conditions, insect resistance in 12, Three and four generations of cotton bollworm 100 larvae were reduced 55.7-82.5%, 80.00-83.3%, 80.2-98.4% than the conventional 12, pest control 13-toxic only four generations of control 1, the generations of cotton bollworm Strain larvae were 0.62, 8.6 head, and often?