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书院是中国古代独特的文化教育组织形式,由原初的藏书、刻书、祭祀等职能逐渐演化为传统社会后期的育才中心,特别是清代,书院教育空前勃兴,其原因就在于书院教育与科举的联系。清代书院教育是典型的精英教育,其一表现在书院有严格的甄拔制度,受教者人数极少;其二是它的养士功能。书院教育的发达与否直接取决于书院山长的水平。
The academy evolved into a unique form of cultural and educational organization in ancient China. From its original functions of collecting books, engraving books and offering sacrifices, it gradually evolved into a center of education at the later stage of traditional society. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, the academy was popularized unprecedentedly. The reason for this is that college education and imperial examinations contact. Qing dynasty academy education is a typical elite education, one of the performance in the academy has strict screening system, the number of people who teach very little; the second is its bachelor function. The development of college education directly depends on the level of the Academy’s long mountain.