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加拿大的煤及大部分其它矿产都是用露天采矿方法开采的。因而使废石短期或长期地堆置在排土场内。水流通过这些排土场就产生了两大问题:排土场的稳定性以及对水流的影响。近几年,许多矿山已开始将废石堆置到沟谷中,在那儿排土或者修筑进矿道路。上述种种提出了以下几方面复杂的课题:排土场和渗流堤坝的实际设计;排土场及堤坝等构筑物的稳定性监测;悬浮物中细粒组分、沉淀物和有毒物质的增加对下游造成的环境影响;以及在很长一段时间内的水流和洪水状态。在许多土木工程建筑物中也有类似情形。本文讨论了岩石泄流以及对目前和今后研究工作的要求。
Canadian coal and most other minerals are mined by surface mining. Thus enabling the waste rock to be deposited in the dumping site in short or long term. Two major problems arise with the flow of water through these dumps: the stability of the dump and its effect on the flow of water. In recent years, many mines have started to pile up waste rock into the valleys, where they are drained or built into ore roads. The above mentioned various complicated issues are as follows: the actual design of dumps and seepage embankments; the monitoring of the stability of structures such as dumps and embankments; the increase of fine-grained components, sediments and toxic substances in suspended solids, The environmental impact caused; and the flow and flood conditions over a long period of time. There are similar cases in many civil engineering buildings. This article discusses rock discharge and requirements for current and future research efforts.