论文部分内容阅读
1981～1982年,法国组织了全国范围的关于科技政策问题的一系列讨论会。法国政府在此基础上制定了一系列旨在振兴法国科学的新的政策措施。其中最重要的是作出了关于民用研究开发预算以每年17％以上的速度递增以及到1985年前使国家聘用的研究人员数每年增长4.5％的决策。1985年法国提出了旨在促进欧洲在高技术领域进行跨国合作的尤里卡计划,该计划目前已取得重大成功。法国政府精心构筑了联系基础研究与工业开发的桥梁,拥有1300多个研究机构的法国国家科学研究中心目前和工业公司签订了2700多项合同,合同的总金额为13亿法郎,超过法国民用研究开发预算的十分之一。该中心还和大学共建“合作实验室”,开展共同研究;它通过这种形式为遍布法国的1003个研究小组提供了支持。该中心的最优先研究领域是生命科学、化学和工程学,同时强调跨学科研究和博士研究生培养工作。法国政府大力支持工业技术的研究开发工作,对企业的研究开发实施税收优惠政策。法国政府推行了研究人员晋级的三年计划和人员招聘的会考竞争制度。法国大力促进研究机构和研究人员开展国际交流,在各城市广泛兴建科学城和技术园,并在“静悄悄地”开展教育革命。但法国政府虽在振兴法国科学方面创造了奇迹,其研究事业却仍存许多有待解决的问题。
From 1981 to 1982, France organized a series of nationwide discussions on science and technology policy issues. On this basis, the French government has formulated a series of new policy measures aimed at revitalizing French science. The most important of these is the decision to increase the civil research and development budgets by more than 17% annually and to increase by 4.5% the number of researchers hired by the state by 1985. In 1985, France put forward the Eureka Plan aimed at promoting cross-border cooperation in Europe in the field of hi-tech. The plan has now achieved great success. The French government has carefully constructed a bridge linking basic research with industrial development. The CNRS, which has more than 1,300 research institutes, now has over 2,700 contracts with industrial companies for a total contract value of 1.3 billion francs, surpassing that of the French civil studies One-tenth of the development budget. The center also collaborates with universities on “collaborative laboratories” for joint research; it provides support to 1003 research groups throughout France. The center's top research area is life sciences, chemistry and engineering, with emphasis on interdisciplinary research and doctoral training. The French government strongly supports the research and development of industrial technologies and carries out tax preferential policies on the research and development of enterprises. The French government introduced a three-year plan for researchers to qualify and a competition system for the recruitment of candidates. France has vigorously promoted international exchanges among research institutes and researchers, extensively built Science City and Technology Parks in various cities, and carried out the “quietly” educational revolution. However, although the French government has won a miracle in rejuvenating French science, its research work still has many problems to be solved.