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Kobayashi 1957年首先在日本证明脑出血死亡率与河水化学成分有关。美国、瑞典和英国的报告表明,水硬度与心血管和脑血管疾病、冠心病、高血压等死亡率呈负相关。英国的大量研究几乎一直支持心血管疾病死亡率与“水因素”有关的假设。Grawford 报导,水硬度在三十年内增高的某些地区心血管疾病死亡率下
Kobayashi first demonstrated in Japan in 1957 that mortality from cerebral hemorrhage was related to the chemical composition of the river. Reports from the United States, Sweden and the United Kingdom indicate that there is a negative correlation between water hardness and mortality, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, coronary heart disease and hypertension. Numerous studies in the UK have almost always supported the hypothesis that cardiovascular mortality is related to “water factors.” Grawford reports that in some areas where water hardness has risen over 30 years, cardiovascular mortality has been reported