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对“国家果树种质兴城梨、苹果圃”内保存的梨13个种625份资源的花器官11个表型性状进行数据采集,分析了花表型性状的分布频率、变异系数、Simpson指数和Shannon-weaver指数,并对每花序花朵数、雄蕊数、柱头数、花冠直径在5个栽培种的种群内和种群间多样性进行了比较分析,对脆肉和软肉梨进行了聚类分析。结果表明:(1)梨花器官表型多样性丰富,以白色花蕾、紫红色花药、柱头高于花药和花柱基部无茸毛等类型居多,分别占相对应描述符分布频率的50.56%、47.52%、63.20%和80.96%。(2)花药颜色的Simpson指数和Shannon-weaver指数较高,分别为0.719和2.351,多样性最为丰富,并新发现深红色和深紫色花药两种类型资源。(3)每花序花朵数、雄蕊数、花冠直径和柱头数的平均变异系数分别为19.50%、15.12%、13.74%和8.50%,表明柱头数性状的遗传稳定性高于另外3个性状。(4)根据花冠直径分布统计分析,提出了5级数值分级指标与参照品种。(5)梨花4个表型性状在种群内和种群间差异均达到极显著水平,种群内和种群间表型分化系数VST分别为72.97%和27.03%,表明种群内变异更为丰富。(6)聚类分析显示,196个脆肉梨地方品种可划分为5类,72个软肉型秋子梨可划分为4类。
11 phenotypic traits of flower organs of 13 species and 625 pear cultivars from “National Fruit Tree Germplasm Xingcheng Pear, Apple Garden” were collected for data collection. The distribution frequency and coefficient of variation of flower phenotypic traits were analyzed. Simpson index and Shannon-weaver index. The number of flowers, stamens, number of stigmas and corolla diameter per inflorescence in five cultivars were compared with those in intercropping populations. Cluster analysis. The results showed that: (1) The organs of pear were rich in phenotypic diversity, with white buds, purplish red anthers, stigma higher than those without anthers and anthers at the base of anthers, accounting for 50.56% and 47.52% of the corresponding descriptors respectively, 63.20% and 80.96%. (2) The Simpson index and Shannon-weaver index of anther color were higher, 0.719 and 2.351 respectively, with the richest diversity and newly discovered two types of resources: dark red and dark purple anthers. (3) The average coefficient of variation of flower number, stamen number, corolla diameter and stigma number per inflorescence were 19.50%, 15.12%, 13.74% and 8.50% respectively, indicating that the genetic stability of stigma trait was higher than that of the other three traits. (4) Based on the statistical analysis of the diameter distribution of corolla, five grades of numerical grading index and reference varieties were proposed. (5) The four phenotypic traits in pear population both within the population and between populations were extremely significant, and the phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) within and between populations were 72.97% and 27.03%, respectively, indicating that the intra-population variation was more abundant. (6) Cluster analysis showed that 196 local varieties of crispy pear can be divided into five categories, and 72 soft-shaped autumn pear varieties can be divided into four categories.