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波束形成算法(beamforming)是一种利用麦克风阵列对分布声源进行精确定位的普适性算法,本文介绍了经典波束形成定位的原理和算法,在此基础上,以MW级风力机为实例,数值模拟研究麦克风圆阵半径、麦克风阵列平面与叶轮平面间距等、声源频率参数对定位精度的影响,并对这些参数进行了最优化分析,另外对多声源定位的局限性进行了探讨,最后优化了实际风力机测量时麦克风阵列与叶轮表面的相对位置,并对运动声源进行了跟踪定位计算.
Beamforming is a universal algorithm for accurately locating distributed sound sources using a microphone array. This paper introduces the principle and algorithm of classical beamforming positioning. Based on this, taking a MW wind turbine as an example, The effects of the frequency parameters of the sound source on the positioning accuracy are studied by numerical simulation, such as the radius of the circular array of the microphone, the plane of the microphone array and the plane distance of the impeller, and the optimization analysis is performed on these parameters. In addition, the localization of multiple sound sources is discussed, Finally, the relative position between the microphone array and the impeller surface is optimized when the actual wind turbine is measured, and the moving sound source is tracked and positioned.