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对１９６８～１９９７年３０年间住院病死儿童进行统计，分析其死亡病谱及变化。结果：总病死率为１４３％，后１０年与前１０年平均病死率、入院２４ｈ内病死率比较，差异有高度显著性（Ｐ＜００１）；病死儿童主要为新生儿及婴儿，两者占５３４１％；死因顺位排列中肺炎及脑炎一直居各年段前列，营养缺乏病、传染病逐年段下降，白血病排位逐年段升高。提示：加强呼吸道感染的防治，提高中枢神经系统感染和白血病的诊疗技术是降低住院儿童病死率的关键；加强围生期监测、提高新生儿尤其是早产儿的抢救与护理技术也是重要的几项措施
The statistics of the children with in-hospital disease during the 30 years from 1968 to 1997 were conducted to analyze the death spectrum and changes. Results: The total case fatality rate was 1.43%. The average mortality rate after 10 years was significantly higher than that of the first 10 years and within 24 hours after admission (P <001). Most of the dead children were neonates and infants , Accounting for 53.41% of the total. The cause of death ranked as pneumonia and encephalitis in the forefront of various years, with a lack of nutrition. The number of infectious diseases dropped year by year and the number of leukemia increased year by year. Tip: To strengthen the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections, improve the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infections and leukemia is the key to reduce the mortality rate of hospitalized children; it is also important to strengthen perinatal monitoring and improve the rescue and nursing skills of newborns, especially premature infants Measures