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白喉、脊髓灰质炎、麻疹曾是严重危害儿童健康的常见病。1951年,0～4岁幼儿的白喉死亡率达99.9/10万,1957年麻疹与脊髓灰质炎死亡率分别为150.6/10万与11.6/10万。这些疾病的预防主要依靠免疫接种。解放以来,我们一方面积极研制高效疫苗,并不断加以改进,另方面按照国家规定,有计划地进行免费接种,建立一人一卡等记录和定期检查接种工作的制度。在组织上,在10个区、10个县、人口为1100万的城市中,由上而下建立了一套从市、区(县)卫生防疫站至街道医院(公社卫生院)防保组、里弄卫生站(大队赤脚医生)的防疫保健网,从
Diphtheria, poliomyelitis, and measles were common diseases that seriously endanger the health of children. In 1951, the mortality rate of diphtheria among children aged 0-4 years reached 99.9 / 100,000. The mortality rates of measles and poliomyelitis in 1957 were 150.6 / 100,000 and 11.6 / 100,000 respectively. The prevention of these diseases depends mainly on immunization. Since the liberation, on the one hand, we actively developed highly effective vaccines and continuously improved them. On the other hand, we have conducted free vaccinations in a planned manner according to state regulations and set up a system of recording and regularly checking inoculations for one person and one card. Organized from top to bottom in cities in 10 districts and 10 counties with a population of 11 million, a set of emergency prevention and control teams were set up from the health and epidemic prevention stations in districts, counties (districts) to the street hospitals (commune hospitals) , Get in the health station (brigade barefoot doctor) epidemic prevention health care network, from