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以徐州市铜山煤矿区不同复垦方式(煤矸石充填复垦(MGS)、混推平整复垦(HTPZ)、泥浆泵复垦(NJB)和粉煤灰充填复垦(FMH))的土壤及塌陷地土壤为研究对象,分析了塌陷地及其不同复垦方式土壤颗粒组成及分形特征的变化,探讨了土壤颗粒组成及分形特征与土壤的总碳(TC)、总氮(TN)、总有机碳(TOC)、总无机碳(TIC)、总硫(TS)含量及颗粒比表面积(TSSA)、吸湿系数、颗粒平均粒径、中值粒径等的关系.结果表明:土地塌陷及复垦对土壤颗粒组成及分形维数均影响较大.黏壤土区土地塌陷引起土壤黏粒含量下降,而粉粒含量增加;粉土区则相反.塌陷地复垦有利于土壤颗粒组成及分形维数向对应质地的未塌陷地方向发展,复垦土壤表现出向自然耕作土壤方向演变的特征,恢复效果以HTPZ和FMH土壤较好.MGS土壤表层质地趋于更加黏重,而NJB土壤则存在一定黏粒的损失,不利于土壤结构的形成.两种质地区土壤分形维数均与土壤黏粒含量呈显著正相关关系,与粉粒或砂粒含量、中值粒径和平均粒径呈显著负相关关系,与吸湿系数、TC含量、TIC含量、TSSA和TN含量呈显著正相关关系.可以通过分形维数的变化来表征或判断采煤塌陷区土壤颗粒组成、理化性状变化趋势.
In the soil of Tongshan Coal Mine in Xuzhou City under different reclamation ways (gangue filling reclamation (MGS), mixing flattening reclamation (HTPZ), mud pump reclamation (NJB) and fly ash reclamation (FMH)), And subsidence soils, the changes of soil particle composition and fractal characteristics in the subsided area and its different reclamation ways were analyzed. The effects of soil particle composition and fractal characteristics on total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) Total organic carbon (TOC), total organic carbon (TIC), total sulfur (TS), TSSA, average coefficient of moisture absorption, average particle size, Reclamation has a great effect on the composition and fractal dimension of soil, while clay loam content in clay loam area decreases, but the content of silt increases, whereas in silt area, the reclamation of subsidence area is beneficial to the composition and fractal of soil The dimension of the soil changed to the non-collapse area of the corresponding texture, and the reclaimed soil showed the characteristics of evolving toward the natural tillage soil, and the recovery effect was better in the HTPZ and FMH soils. The surface texture of the MGS tended to be more viscous while that of the NJB soil Certain clay loss, is not conducive to soil structure The fractal dimension of soil in both areas had a significant positive correlation with the clay content of soil, but negatively correlated with the content of granule, sand, median diameter and average particle size, and had negative correlation with moisture absorption coefficient, TC content, TIC content, TSSA content and TN content.We can characterize or judge the change of soil particle composition and physical and chemical characters by the change of fractal dimension.