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人体内肺泡的交通约在100年前已有描述,但直到1930年Van Allen才发现它在通气上的意义。他发现气道的完全阻塞并不经常导致肺泡陷闭。这种在阻塞以远处的通气与气体交换,称为“侧枝呼吸”。通过对狗的实验研究,已发现有三种解剖学的侧枝通气通道:(1)肺泡间交通(Kohn氏孔),直径约3～13μm。在狗肺中每个肺泡有8个肺泡间交通。(2)细支气管-肺泡间交通,系1955年Lambert所发现,是联结远端细支气管及其周围肺泡群的管状交通,有上皮细胞覆盖,大小从“闭合”状态到30μm之间。
Alveolar traffic in the body was described about 100 years ago, but it was not until 1930 when Van Allen discovered its significance in ventilation. He found that complete blockage of the airways did not often lead to alveolar collapse. This type of ventilation and gas exchange at a blockage distance is called “collateral breathing.” Three types of anatomical collateral ventilation channels have been found through experimental studies of dogs: (1) Interstitial traffic (Kohn’s orifice) with a diameter of about 3 to 13 μm. There are 8 alveolar traffic in each of the alveoli in the dog’s lungs. Bronchiobronchial-alveolar traffic, which was discovered by Lambert in 1955, is tubular traffic linking the distal bronchioles and the surrounding alveoli, with epithelial cell coverage ranging in size from “closed” to 30 μm.